Eojin

Task: 1) Write 7 most important or meaningful science words that help you to understand immunology. Give a simple definition to each words. 2) In 30 minutes, showcase/demonstrate your best or deepest understanding of immunology, with explanation; begin with a question or title (e.g. how __works?)__ You may use cacoo, bubbl.us or audio recording. SAVE periodically.

__Lymphocytes__ - Lymphocytes are small forms of leukocytes, which is a type of white blood cells. Lymphocytes are specific immunity. There are two types of lymphocytes; B cells and T cells. T cells are also classified as CD4+ and CD8+ cells, or Helper T cells and Cytotoxic T cells. B cells are divided into two groups; effector/plasma cells that produces antibodies, and memory cells, which are preserved for a long time in case the same pathogen attempt to invade the body. __Inflammation__ - Inflammation occurs when there is a damage in the body tissues. It releases more white blood cells, such as phagocytes. __Phagocytes__ - Phagocytes are a type of lymphocytes (small form of leukocytes). It plays a role of engulfing and breaking down antigens or foreign particles. First, the receptors on the phagocytes bond with the protein on the pathogens. When it bonds, the phagocytes starts to engulf around the pathogen. When it is completely engulfed, the cell has now become a "phagozome". Then, other vesicles present in the phagozome, for example, lysozymes that carry super-reactive oxygen substances, will transfer its content to the pathogen. Because the substance is very reactive, it will break whatever it makes contact with. So, this will break down / digest the pathogens into smaller protein molecules. This is a long process of digesting amino acids. Then a Antigen Presenting Cells (APC) will carry a tiny bit of the antigen and display it on the surface of its own cell. The complex of the antigen bit and the APC is called MHC, Major Histocompatibility Cell. __Antibody__ - Antibodies are a form of protein present on cells. It is also found on B cells, and help it to bond to antigens, and to eliminate them. During the maturation, a part of their DNA shuffles around. When it does, it create variable portions on the antibody attached to B cells. This help later on it is bonding on to the pathogens. There are around 10^10 of these antibodies. Some are weeded out, but there are still billions left. They are useful when a pathogen invades the body, and they would have a type of B cell that can bond with it, which will then start cloning itself, to produce more antibodies. __Specific Immunity__ - Specific immunity is when white blood cells eliminate pathogens, by targeting specific type of pathogens that they identified. Antibodies on B cells, for example, are part of this, because since they have variable portions, they bond to a specific type of pathogens. B cells,, T cells and 3rd line defense are a included as non-specific immunity. __Non-specific Immunity__ - Non-specific immunity is when white blood cells eliminate pathogens without specifically knowing what type of pathogen it is. They only know that it is suspicious/harmful in some way. Phagocytes, 1st and 2nd line defense are a part of non-specific immunity. __Lines of defenses__ - There are three lines of defenses in the body. 1st line defense is the physical and chemical "barriers". Some examples are skin, stomach acid, mucous, urine, defecation and vomiting. 2nd line defense is the nonspecific resistance, meaning the phagocytes and other aspects of the nonspecific immune system. The 3rd line of defense is the specific resistance, such as the B and T cells.
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