Jack

Once in, find your ** page ** by looking for your name in either 7A_Immunity or 7B_Immunity. Instructions: 1) Write 7 most important or meaningful science words that help you to understand immunology. Give a simple definition to each word. 2) In 30 minutes, showcase/demonstrate your best or deepest understanding of immunology, with explanation; begin with a question or title (e.g. how --- works?) 3) If you have difficulty uploading images, email them to me, with appropriate file names (your name should be in it). 4) You may not refer to any notes or diagrams.
 * __Task__: **


 * __Vocabulary__:**
 * Pathogen:
 * A pathogen is a cell that can harm the body. The three main types of pathogens are bacteria, virus's and fungi. Pathogens multiply once they are in your body which causes you to get sick. Pathogens can be stopped naturally which is white blood cells or they can be stopped with an unnatural substance like antibiotics.
 * White Blood Cell:
 * White blood cells are probably the most important part of the immune system. Their role is to find and defeat pathogens. There are two categories of white blood cells, they are specific and non-specific. The non-specific white blood cells are the cells that just eat any foreign cell they see without knowing what it is. The specific cells can identify pathogens and memorize them for the future.
 * Bacteria:
 * Bacterias are one of the main types of pathogen. Some bacteria can help the body with things like digestion, but other bacteria harm the body. They do this by entering the blood stream and multiplying
 * Phagocyte:
 * Phagocytes are a type of non-specific white blood cells. They eat any foreign cells they come in contact with. Phagocytes have things called receptors which are a sort of antenna used to find pathogens.
 * Lymphatic System:
 * The Lymphatic sytem is a system used to recycle blood plasma. If any blood plasma is left over, a fluid called lymph will carry the blood plasma to a different route.
 * Lymphocyte:
 * Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell. Lymphocytes are dividen into two groups, B Lymphocytes and T Lymphocytes.
 * Lines of Defence:
 * The Immune system has three lines of defence. The first and second lines are probabbly the most important. The first line is things like mucus, oil on the skin, nails and stomach acid. These things create a hard environment fot pathogens to live in. The second line is made up of phagocytes and other non-specific white blood cells.


 * __Immunology__:**


 * What is it?**

Immunology is how the body protects itself from diseases which are scientifically known as pathogens. The system that does all this is the Immune System
 * How does it work:**

The Immune System has three lines of defense that protect your body from pathogens. T he first line of defense is made up of all the things on the outside of your body that keep out pathogens for example: skin, mucus, hair, nails and stomach acid. These are all physical barriers to keep out pathogens. The second line of defense is made up of the non-specific white blood cells (non-specific and specific cells are talked about below). The non-specific white blood cells attack the pathogen without knowing what it is all they know is that its foreign and needs to be killed. The third line of defense is made up of the specific cells for example lymphocytes. These cells memorize the pathogen so that it is known for next time they encounter it.

(ask Michael to upload image)

White blood cells are probably the most important part of the immune system. Their role is to find and defeat pathogens. All white blood cells are created by Hematopoetic stem cells in the bone marrow. Some important types of white blood cells are: >>
 * Lymphocytes
 * Lymphocytes are dividen into two groups, B Lymphocytes and T Lymphocytes. They are a huge part of the specific immune system.
 * Neutrophils
 * Neutrophils are the most common blood cell in your body. In an adult they make up 62% of your white blood cells. Their main role is to be fast and plentiful to get to an infected area.
 * Macrophages
 * Macrophages are one of the largest types of white blood cells. Macrophages do all the heavy work and eat pathogens.
 * Basophils
 * Basophils are used in inflammatory responses. They release special cells to the infected areas.

As mentioned above, there are specific and non-specific white blood cells. The non-specific cells are the cells that dont know what they are dealing with all they know is that it is a foreign cell and they need to defeat it some examples of these cells are: neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, dendridic cells and phagocytes. The specific white blood cells are the cells that do know what the pathogen is and how to defeat it from prior knowledge. If it is a new pathogen that the body has never encountered, the specific cells will memorize it and remember it for next time. Below is a diagram of specific and non specific immunity

(ask Michael to upload image)

There are also artificial things to help the immune system. Two of these things are:
 * Vaccines
 * Vaccines are parts of deactivated pathogens that are injected into you so the specific cells in your body can memorize the pathogen
 * Antibiotics
 * Antibiotics are designed to destroy harmfull bacteria. Lately they have been overused which means that now some bacteria is immune to anti-biotics.